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Chlorella Research Quotes and Extracts 3

Chlorophyll vs. Chlorophyllin

Chlorophyll is identical to human haemoglobin except that haemoglobin is the primary transport of iron, while chlorophyll's primary transport is magnesium.

Chlorophyllins: derivative of chlorophyll in which the magnesium atom is replaced with another metal such as copper, cobalt or iron. Chlorophyllin is a synthetic form of chlorophyll, which researchers prefer to use because, by replacing the magnesium atom with another metal, it is more stable for conducting research.

At the 85th annual meeting of The American Association for Cancer Research in San Francisco, 1994, researchers presented their findings that chlorophyllin has protective capabilities against various cancer causing agents including benzopyrene, which is associated with tobacco smoke.

The Food Chemical News reported "At the Environmental Mutagen Society's annual scientific meeting in May 1994, during a related discussion, a member of the audience commented on a study which examined the mutagenicity of urine of people eating cooked ground beef. The speaker said the mutagenicity of the subject's urine increased for the next couple of days after ingestion of the hamburgers. But when they took a pill used in Japan to combat the effects of alcohol, their urine's mutagenicity was considerably lower. The main ingredient of the pill the speaker added, was chlorophyllin."

In 1994, researchers found that Chlorophyllin has protective properties against vinyl carbamate (certain carbamates are used in insecticides-they can be poisonous and cause convulsions & death if eaten) and p-nitrophenyl vinyl ether.

Mice received an oral administration of chlorophyllin prior to a topical application of each of the carcinogen. The researchers found that there was a "significant reduction in both incidence and multiplicity of skin tumours."

September 1995, supported by a grant from the American Cancer Society, researchers from Yale and Seoul Korea, conducted a study of chlorophyllin's effects against certain carcinogens. The carcinogens were applied to the skin of the mice and the incidence of skin tumours and pappilomas (non-cancerous tumours with branches or stalks) were measured. While all mice in the control group (did not receive chlorophyllin pre-treatments) formed skin tumours; the mice pre-treated with chlorophyllin had a decreased incidence of tumours and pappilomas-70%, incidence of skin tumours decreased by 42%.

The researchers also stated that "the initiation of skin tumours by the other epoxides was also significantly inhibited by oral administration of chlorophyllin."

April 1996, the same group of researchers published a study, in Cancer Letters, in which chlorophyllin was administered 30 minutes prior to a topical application of benzopyrene resulting in a "significant reduction in both incidence and multiplicity of skin tumours initiated by the carcinogen." It was also noted that "chlorophyllin was rapidly distributed in the skin and other tissues of mice after oral administration."

In 1994, Dashwood et al., from the University of Hawaii, found that chlorophyll and chlorophyllin fed to laboratory rats reduced the absorption of several cancer causing agents common in cooked meat, barbecued and smoked food.

According to the results, chlorophyll was most effective when administered with the cancer causing substance. The January 4, 1995 issue of the Journal of the National Cancer Institute also noted this study in an article about Dashwood and his chlorophyll research.

January 1995, Cancer Research Journal, researchers from Oregon State University reported that chlorophyllin (CHL) was a potent inhibitor of the carcinogen aflatoxin B1, measured by the presence of cancer tumours of the liver (malignant hepatoma) in rainbow trout and concluded their findings may have "important implications in intervention and dietary management of human cancer risks."

The report stated that chlorophyllin bears close resemblance to chlorophyll upon digestion (magnesium is replaced by other metals, such as copper) suggesting that the cancer fighting ability may occur during the digestion process.

Chlorophyllin was found to be 70 to 80% effective at levels well within the range of chlorophyll content found in foods. The researchers point out that it is not clear that effective intake could be achieved by balanced diet alone, suggesting the possible necessity for chlorophyll supplements.

Researchers from both Universities authored a study published in Chemical Research Toxicology, August 1995, determining the mechanisms of chlorophyllin that result in its anticarcinogenic effect on aflatoxin B1.

In December 1995, Carcinogenisis, researchers from both institutions report on chlorophyllin's effect on an amine in fried beef, which is linked to mammary and colon cancer. The results indicated that chlorophyllin suppresses the effects of the amine during the post initiation phase, but did not show strong effect when given before the carcinogen. The researchers suggest that a study in which chlorophyllin is administered at the same time as the carcinogen may be necessary to demonstrate its "anti-initiation" mechanism (where it bonds with and inhibits the carcinogen).

In July 1996, Carcinogenisis, published a study by researchers from Jawaharlal Nehru University in New Delhi, India. Chlorophyllin's ability to protect and detoxify the skin and liver of mice was studied. The researchers concluded that chlorophyllin was a potential chemoprotective agent against environmental toxins.

Researchers from Korea, in a study published in Carcinogenesis, have determined that chlorophyll inhibits formation of mutation by forming a chemical bonding with the cancer causing substance (aflatoxin B1,benzopyrene or carcinogens in cooked meat) as well as the inhibition of a specific enzyme "P450."

In September 1995, Carcinogenisis, a study from Japan focused on the relationship between mammary and intestinal cancers and the western diet . The researchers found that chlorophyllin reduced the incidence of mammary carcinogenesis in mice. The researchers stated that "chlorophyllin is an effective chemopreventor when ingested simultaneously with the carcinogen".

A study published 1994, in Teratogenesis, Carcinogenesis and Mutagenesis, confirmed that Chlorophyllin reduced the number of cells genetically mutated under the presence of cancer causing elements including tobacco snuff and chewing tobacco. The researchers believe that chlorophyll may have an anti-oxidant effect.

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